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幹細胞是身體的原始材料，也就是生成所有具有特殊功能的其他細胞的細胞。在身體或實驗室中的適當條件下，幹細胞會分裂形成更多的細胞，稱為子細胞。幹細胞具有自我更新的能力，當幹細胞分裂時，所產生的兩個子細胞可能是兩個幹細胞、一個幹細胞和一個更分化的細胞，或兩個更分化的細胞。
Stem cells are the body’s raw materials — cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated. Under the right conditions in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells1. Stem cells have the ability to self-renew. When a stem cell divides, the resulting two daughter cells may be both stem cells, a stem cell and a more differentiated cell, or both more differentiated cells.
間充質幹細胞(Mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)是一種基質細胞，具有自我更新的能力，同時也表現出多系分化能力。MSCs可以從多種組織中分離出來，例如臍帶、子宮內膜息肉、月經血、骨髓、脂肪組織等等。
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that have the ability to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation1. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues, such as umbilical cord, endometrial polyps, menses blood, bone marrow, adipose tissue, etc.
自然殺手細胞（NK細胞）是與T細胞和B細胞同屬淋巴細胞家族的細胞，源自共同的祖先。NK細胞是先天免疫系統的細胞毒殺細胞，在體內循環尋找感染和癌細胞。它們以殺死腫瘤細胞和病毒感染細胞聞名。
Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes in the same family as T and B cells, coming from a common progenitor. NK cells are cytotoxic cells of the innate immune system and circulate in the body seeking out infected and cancerous cells. They are best known for killing tumor cells and virus-infected cells.
細胞激素誘導殺伐細胞(Cytokine-induced killer cells, CIK)是一群免疫效應細胞，其特徵為混合T細胞和自然殺手細胞(NK細胞)的表現型。通過體外孵育人外周血單個核細胞(PBMC)或臍帶血單個核細胞與干擾素γ(IFN-γ)、抗CD3抗體、重組人白細胞介素1(IL-1)和白細胞介素2(IL-2)等，可生成CIK細胞。CIK細胞是體外分化的T細胞群體，通過高水平表達NK受體獲得了MHC非限制性細胞毒殺能力。
Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) cells are a group of immune effector cells featuring a mixed T- and natural killer (NK) cell-like phenotype. They are generated by ex vivo incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or cord blood mononuclear cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), anti-CD3 antibody, recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-2 (IL-2). CIK cells are an ex vivo differentiated T cell population that acquire an MHC-unrestricted cytotoxity by expression of high levels of NK receptors.
幹細胞外泌體是由幹細胞釋放出來的微小囊泡，攜帶基因信息和蛋白質到全身各個細胞，創造細胞之間的溝通通路。它們是從不同細胞類型分泌出來的納米級囊泡，含有各種生物分子，例如蛋白質或核酸。外泌體被包覆在脂雙層膜中，反映了它們源自內吞（細胞內）室，直徑範圍在30至150納米之間。
Stem cell exosomes are tiny vesicles that are released from stem cells and carry genetic information and proteins to cells throughout your body, creating paths for communication between cells. They are nano-sized vesicles secreted from different cell types that contain various biomolecules such as proteins or nucleic acids. Exosomes are enveloped in a lipid bilayer membrane, reflecting their origination from endocytic (intracellular) compartments; they range from 30–150 nm in diameter.
(Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood)?
靜脈注射激光，也稱為ILBI (Intravenous Laser Blood Irradiation)，是一種血液淨化、生化和解毒激光。使用針頭輔助，將光纖注射到靜脈中，用低能紅色激光(波長632.5納米，功率3-5毫瓦)照射血液細胞。 靜脈注射激光治療（Intravenous Laser Therapy或ILBI）將患者的血液暴露於低水平的激光輻射中，以刺激脂質-水、蛋白質-水、脂質-蛋白質等分子之間的相互作用變化。這些變化然後影響身體中的生化反應活動。
Intravenous laser, also known as ILBI (Intravenous Laser Blood Irradiation), is a blood purification, biochemical, and detoxification laser. With the aid of a needle, an optical fiber is injected into the vein to irradiate the blood cells with a low-energy red laser (wavelength 632.5nm, power 3-5mW). Intravenous Laser Blood Irradiation Therapy (Intravenous Laser Therapy or ILBI) exposes the patient’s blood to low levels of laser radiation in order to stimulate changes in the interactions of molecules such as lipid-water, protein-water, lipid-protein in the blood. These changes then affect the activity of biochemical reactions in the body.
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